Treatment

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)

Overview

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat aneurysms in the aorta, the body’s largest blood vessel. Aneurysms occur when part of the blood vessel weakens and swells, potentially leading to life-threatening ruptures. This procedure uses a stent graft to reinforce the weakened area of the aorta, effectively reducing the risk of rupture. The EVAR procedure allows for a faster recovery compared to traditional open surgery with less risk and discomfort for the patient.

Why Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) Treatment is Required?

• Prevents Rupture: Aortic aneurysms can lead to severe bleeding and death if they rupture. EVAR helps prevent this by sealing off the aneurysm with a stent graft.
• Minimally Invasive: Unlike traditional surgery, EVAR does not require large incisions reducing the trauma to the body.
• Faster Recovery: Patients who undergo EVAR typically experience shorter hospital stays and quicker recoveries.
• Effective Treatment: The procedure is an effective solution for treating abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and thoracic aortic aneurysms.
• Lower Risk: EVAR carries a lower risk of complications compared to open surgery due to its minimally invasive nature.

Key Advantages of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) Treatment

• Less Pain: The procedure involves small incisions, resulting in less postoperative pain.
• Reduced Hospital Stay: Patients often go home within a few days, compared to weeks with traditional surgery.
• Faster Recovery: Most patients can return to their normal activities much sooner after EVAR.
• Lower Infection Risk: With smaller incisions, the chance of infections is significantly reduced.
• Minimal Scarring: As the procedure is minimally invasive, there are fewer visible scars compared to open surgery.
• Effective for High-Risk Patients: EVAR is ideal for those who may not be suitable candidates for traditional surgery due to age or other health issues.

How Should You Prepare Yourself Before Taking Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) Treatment?

• Pre-Operative Testing: You will undergo various tests, such as imaging (CT scans or ultrasounds) to evaluate the size and location of the aneurysm.
• Consultation: Speak with your doctor about your health history, medications, and any allergies to ensure you are a good candidate for the procedure.
• Stop Certain Medications: Some medications, like blood thinners, may need to be stopped before the procedure.
• Arrange for Help: Plan for someone to drive you home after the procedure and assist you during your recovery.
• Follow Diet Instructions: You may be asked to fast for a certain period before the procedure.

How Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) Treatment is Performed?

Step 1: Anesthesia: The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, meaning you will be asleep and pain-free.

Step 2: Incision: Small incisions are made in the groin area to access the blood vessels.

Step 3: Insertion of the Stent Graft: A catheter is inserted into the blood vessels and a stent graft is carefully positioned at the site of the aneurysm.

Step 4: Deployment: The stent graft is expanded to fit the aorta, sealing off the aneurysm and allowing blood to flow through the normal part of the aorta.

Step 5: Final Check: The doctor will perform imaging tests to ensure the stent is properly placed.

What You Can Expect Before, During, and After Procedure?

1. Before the procedure:
You will be asked to fast for several hours before the procedure.
Pre-surgery tests will help your doctor evaluate your aneurysm.
Anesthesia options will be discussed to ensure you are comfortable during the procedure.

2. During the procedure:
The procedure typically takes a few hours.
You will be asleep and unaware of what’s happening.
A stent graft will be placed to reinforce the aorta and seal off the aneurysm.

3. After the procedure:
You may stay in the hospital for 1-2 days for observation.
Most patients experience minimal pain and can resume light activities in a few weeks.
Follow-up appointments will be necessary to ensure the stent is functioning correctly.

Risk and Potential Complications

• Endoleaks: A situation where blood leaks into the aneurysm sac around the stent.
• Infection: Though rare, there is a risk of infection at the incision sites.
• Stent Migration: The stent may move out of place, which might require further treatment.
• Blood Clots: In rare cases, clots can form and cause complications.
• Bleeding: As with any surgery, there is a risk of bleeding during or after the procedure.
• Kidney Problems: Some patients may experience kidney issues post-surgery.

Results/Outcomes

• High Success Rate: EVAR has a high success rate in preventing aortic rupture and is often the preferred treatment option for aortic aneurysms.
• Long-Term Relief: Most patients experience long-term relief and reduced risk of rupture, with many needing only routine follow-up care.
• Improved Quality of Life: With less pain and a quicker recovery, most patients return to their regular activities without long-term complications.