Disease
Brucellosis
Overview of Brucellosis
Brucellosis is a bacterial infection caused by the Brucella species. It primarily affects livestock such as cattle, goats, sheep and pigs
but humans can also contract the disease through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated dairy products.
Also known as undulant fever or Malta fever, brucellosis can cause long lasting flu-like symptoms, joint pain and fatigue. It may lead to severe complications if left untreated.
Types of Brucellosis
Brucellosis is classified based on the species of Brucella bacteria responsible for the infection:
- Brucella melitensis: Most common in sheep and goats.
- Brucella abortus: Found in cattle, primary cause of brucellosis in cattle.
- Brucella suis: Affects pigs.
- Brucella canis: Occurs in dogs and can spread to humans.
- Brucella ovis: Affects sheep but does not infect humans.
Symptoms of Brucellosis
The symptoms of brucellosis in humans vary but commonly include:
- Persistent fever (undulant fever) that rises and falls
- Chills and sweating
- Joint and muscle pain
- Fatigue and weakness
- Loss of appetite and weight loss
- Headaches
- Depression or irritability
- Enlarged lymph nodes or spleen
Causes of Brucellosis
Brucellosis is caused by the Brucella bacteria which spread through:
- Direct contact with infected animals or animal tissues (veterinarians, farmers and slaughterhouse workers are at higher risk).
- Consumption of contaminated dairy products such as unpasteurised milk, cheese or raw meat.
- Inhalation of Brucella bacteria which is common in laboratories or during animal slaughter.
- Blood transfusion or organ transplant from an infected person (very rare).
Complications of Brucellosis
If left untreated, brucellosis can lead to severe complications, such as:
- Chronic joint pain (arthritis)
- Inflammation of the heart lining (endocarditis)
- Liver and spleen enlargement
- Neurological issues (neurobrucellosis) affecting the brain and nerves
- Reproductive problems such as miscarriage or infertility in both humans and animals
Risk Factors of Brucellosis
Certain factors increase the risk of contracting brucella disease, such as:
- Working in livestock farming or meat processing
- Consuming unpasteurised dairy products
- Handling infected animals or animal tissues
- Traveling to regions where brucellosis disease in humans is common (Mediterranean, Middle East and Latin America)
- Having a weakened immune system
Prevention of Brucellosis
- Vaccination of livestock to prevent the spread of brucellosis in cattle and other animals.
- Avoiding raw dairy products and consuming only pasteurised milk and cheese.
- Using protective gear (gloves, masks) when handling animals.
- Proper cooking of meat to kill any bacteria.
- Regular screening of farm workers, veterinarians and meat industry workers.
Diagnosis of Brucellosis
Doctors diagnose brucella disease in humans using:
- Blood tests to detect Brucella antibodies.
- Bone marrow culture to identify the bacteria.
- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) tests for rapid detection.
- X-rays or MRI scans to check for complications in joints and bones.
Treatment of Brucellosis
The treatment for brucellosis disease involves a long course of antibiotics to prevent relapse:
- Doxycycline + Rifampin (usually taken for 6-8 weeks)
- Streptomycin or Gentamicin (in severe cases)
- Pain relievers to manage symptoms
- Hospitalisation may be required for complications like endocarditis
Prognosis of Brucellosis
- Full Recovery with Treatment: Most patients recover completely with timely antibiotic therapy.
- Possibility of Relapse: Without completing the full course of treatment, symptoms may return.
- Chronic Cases: Some people may experience long term joint pain and fatigue.
- Complications Are Rare: Serious issues like heart or nerve damage occur only in severe, untreated cases.
- Preventable with Precautions: With proper care, hygiene, and vaccination in livestock, future infections can be avoided.
- Healthy Life After Recovery: Once treated, most people lead a normal, healthy life with no lasting effects.
Care at MyhealthMydoctor
- Expert Diagnosis & Treatment: Our specialists provide accurate diagnosis and the best brucellosis treatment options.
- Advanced Medical Support: Access to top infectious disease experts and state of the art labs.
- Personalised Care Plans: Tailored treatment for faster recovery and long term health.
- Comprehensive Patient Support: Guidance at every step, from consultation to follow-up.
- International Patient Assistance: Hassle free travel, stay and medical coordination for global patients.
- Focus on Complete Recovery: Helping you return to a healthy life with expert post-treatment care.
Some Important Questions Patients Should Ask Their Doctor During a Consultation
- What is brucellosis, and how did I get it?
- What are the best treatment options for my condition?
- How long will my recovery take?
- Can brucellosis come back after treatment?
- Are there any long-term health risks?
- What foods or activities should I avoid during recovery?
- Can my family or pets get infected by me?
- Will I need follow up tests after treatment?
- What should I do if my symptoms don’t improve?
What Patients Expect from Doctors During Consultation?
- Clear & Simple Explanation: Easy to understand details about brucellosis disease and treatment.
- Accurate Diagnosis: Proper tests to confirm the condition without delays.
- Effective Treatment Plan: The best medicines and guidance for a full recovery.
- Honest & Reassuring Advice: Clear answers about risks, recovery and what to expect.
- Compassion & Support: A doctor who listens, understands and genuinely cares.
- Prevention Tips: Practical steps to avoid future infections.
- Follow up Guidance: What to do next and when to return for check ups.