Disease
Cancer
Overview of Cancer
Cancer is a complex disease characterised by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. These cancer cells divide rapidly and can invade nearby tissues or spread to distant organs through the blood and lymphatic system. It is essentially a condition where normal cell division goes out of control due to genetic mutations leading to the formation of tumors. Cancer can occur in almost any part of the body and affects millions of people worldwide.
Types of Cancer
There are many types of cancer, classified based on the affected organ or cell type. The major cancer types such as:
- Carcinomas: Cancer that begins in the skin or the tissues lining internal organs (carcinoma types).
- Sarcomas: Cancer originating in bone, muscle, fat or connective tissue.
- Leukemias: Cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow.
- Lymphomas: Cancer in the lymphatic system such as Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
- Brain and spinal cord tumors: Affecting the central nervous system.
Symptoms of Cancer
The symptoms of cancer in the body vary based on the type and location of cancer. However, common symptoms of cancer include:
- Persistent fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
- Lump or swelling in any part of the body (cancer tumor)
- Changes in the skin (darkening, redness or sores that do not heal)
- Persistent cough or hoarseness
- Difficulty swallowing
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
Early signs and symptoms of cancer can be subtle and making early detection crucial.
Causes of Cancer
Cancer develops due to genetic mutations triggered by various factors:
- Genetic predisposition: Family history of cancer increases risk.
- Environmental exposure: Chemicals, radiation and pollutants can damage DNA.
- Lifestyle choices: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and poor diet contribute to cancer.
- Viral infections: HPV, Hepatitis B and Epstein-Barr virus increase cancer risk.
- Weakened immune system: Chronic infections and immune suppression can lead to cancer.
Complications in Cancer
Cancer and its treatment can lead to serious complications, such as:
- Organ failure due to tumor invasion
- Increased risk of infections
- Severe pain and discomfort
- Side effects from chemotherapy and radiation
- Emotional and psychological distress
Risk Factors of Cancer
Several factors increase the likelihood of developing cancer:
- Age: The risk of cancer increases with age.
- Family history: Inherited genetic mutations can predispose individuals to cancer.
- Smoking and alcohol: These substances significantly increase cancer risk.
- Obesity: Excess weight contributes to multiple types of cancer.
- Chronic inflammation: Long term infections or autoimmune diseases may trigger cancer.
Preventions of Cancer
While not all cancers are preventable, taking these measures can reduce risk:
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake.
- Maintain a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
- Engage in regular physical activity.
- Get vaccinated against cancer linked viruses for example HPV, Hepatitis B.
- Undergo routine screenings for early detection.
Diagnosis of Cancer
Doctors use various methods to detect cancer:
- Physical examination: Checking for lumps, abnormalities or unusual symptoms.
- Imaging tests: X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and PET scans provide detailed views of tumors (cancer images).
- Biopsy: A sample of tissue is removed for examination.
- Blood tests: Used to detect cancer markers.
- Molecular testing: Determines specific genetic mutations in cancer cells.
Treatments of Cancer
Cancer treatment depends on the type and stage, such as:
- Surgery: Removing tumors to prevent spread.
- Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells.
- Radiation therapy: Targeted radiation destroys cancerous tissues.
- Immunotherapy: Boosting the immune system to fight cancer.
- Targeted therapy: Drugs that specifically attack cancer cells.
- Stem cell transplant: Replaces damaged cells often used in blood cancers.
Prognosis of Cancer
Some cancers have high survival rates if detected early while others are more aggressive. Factors influencing prognosis include:
- Early diagnosis and treatment.
- Overall health condition of the patient.
- Response to therapy.
Care at MyhealthMydoctor
At MyhealthMydoctor, we ensure world-class cancer care with personalised attention.
- Expert Oncology Network: Connect with leading cancer specialists and hospitals.
- Advanced Treatment Options: Access the latest in chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy and precision medicine.
- Tailored Treatment Plans: Customised therapies based on cancer type and stage.
- Comprehensive Diagnosis: Cutting edge imaging, biopsies and genetic testing for accurate detection.
- Seamless Medical Journey: Hassle free hospital appointments, visa assistance and travel support.
- Holistic Support: Nutrition counseling, pain management and emotional wellness programs.
- Affordable & Transparent Care: Cost effective treatment plans with no hidden charges.
- International Patient Assistance: Dedicated care coordinators for overseas patients.
Some important questions patients should ask their doctor during a consultation:
- What is the first stage of cancer?
- How many stages of cancer are there?
- Why does cancer happen?
- Is cancer hereditary?
- What is the best treatment for my type of cancer?
- What lifestyle changes should I make?
What Patients Expect from Doctors During Consultation?
- Clear Diagnosis Explanation: Easy to understand details about the condition and test results.
- Personalised Treatment Plan: A tailored approach based on individual health and cancer type.
- Transparency in Treatment Options: Honest discussions about available treatments, risks and success rates.
- Compassion and Empathy: A supportive and reassuring attitude during the consultation.
- Time & Attention: Doctors who listen patiently and address all concerns.
- Guidance on Next Steps: Clarity on procedures, medications and lifestyle adjustments.
- Cost & Treatment Clarity: Transparent breakdown of expenses and expected costs.
- Follow up and Support: Ongoing care plans, monitoring and future checkups.