Disease
Influenza (Flu)
Overview of Influenza (Flu)
Influenza is commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses.
It affects the nose, throat and lungs and can range from mild to severe. While many recover within a few days, the flu can lead to serious complications especially in vulnerable individuals like the elderly, young children and those with chronic illnesses. Understanding what is influenza, its symptoms and preventive measures is essential to avoid its spread.
Types of Influenza (Flu)
Influenza viruses are categorised into several types:
- Influenza A: Most common and usually causes seasonal epidemics. It can infect humans and animals.
- Influenza B: This affects only humans and also contributes to seasonal outbreaks.
- Influenza C: Causes mild illness and is less common.
- Influenza D: Primarily affects cattle and is not known to cause illness in humans.
Symptoms of Influenza (Flu)
Symptoms of the flu may vary depending on the individual and the virus type. Influenza A symptoms or Type A flu symptoms tend to be more severe than symptoms of influenza B:
- High fever or chills
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Muscle or body aches
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Vomiting or diarrhea (more common in children)
Causes of Influenza (Flu)
What causes the flu is the influenza virus itself, which spreads through:
- Airborne droplets from coughs or sneezes
- Direct contact with an infected person or surface
- Touching the mouth, nose or eyes after contact with the virus
Complications in Influenza (Flu)
If untreated, the flu can lead to complications like:
- Pneumonia
- Bronchitis
- Sinus and ear infections
- Worsening of chronic conditions for example asthma, diabetes
- Hospitalisation or death (especially in high-risk individuals)
Risk Factors of Influenza (Flu)
The following groups are more at risk:
- Children under 5 years
- Adults over 65
- Pregnant women
- People with weakened immune systems or chronic diseases
- Healthcare workers
Preventions of Influenza (Flu)
To prevent influenza:
- Get an annual flu vaccine
- Wash hands frequently
- Avoid close contact with sick individuals
- Disinfect commonly used surfaces
- Cover mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing
Diagnosis of Influenza (Flu)
Doctors diagnose flu and virus infections based on symptoms and may confirm it through:
- Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs)
- PCR tests (more accurate)
Treatments of Influenza (Flu)
Flu symptoms and treatment include:
- Antiviral medications for example oseltamivir if taken early
- Rest and hydration
- Over the counter medications for fever and pain
- Isolation to prevent spreading
Prognosis of Influenza (Flu)
- Most people recover fully within 5 to 7 days with proper rest and care.
- Healthy individuals usually overcome the flu without lasting effects.
- Recovery may take longer in children, the elderly, or those with weakened immunity.
- People with chronic conditions may face more severe symptoms, but early treatment improves outcomes.
- Hospitalization is uncommon and typically required only in severe cases.
- Timely antiviral medication and vaccination can reduce the duration and severity of illness.
- Supportive care at home significantly contributes to a smoother and faster recovery.
Care at MyhealthMydoctor
At MyhealthMydoctor we offer:
- Expert consultations for flu and influenza symptoms
- Rapid diagnostic services
- Personalized treatment plans
- Follow-up support to ensure full recovery
- Preventive care including vaccination support
Some Important Questions Patients Should Ask Their Doctor During a Consultation
- What is influenza A and how is it different from influenza B?
- How do you get the flu?
- What does the flu feel like?
- How long does the flu last?
- Is influenza flu contagious even after symptoms go away?
What Patients Expect from Doctors During Consultation?
- Clear explanation of your symptoms and condition
- Guidance on whether antiviral treatment is needed
- Advice on self-care, home remedies and prevention
- Recommendations on when to seek emergency care
- Honest answers to all your queries regarding influenza