Disease
Keratoconus
Overview of Keratoconus
Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition where the normally round cornea thins and
begins to bulge into a cone-like shape. This distortion affects the way light enters the eye,
leading to blurry or distorted vision. It typically begins in the teenage years or early twenties and may progress
for 10–20 years. Early diagnosis and proper management are key to preserving vision.
Types of Keratoconus
- Forme Fruste Keratoconus: The mildest and often undiagnosed form with minimal symptoms.
- Early Keratoconus: Noticeable changes in corneal shape but manageable with glasses or contact lenses.
- Advanced Keratoconus: Severe corneal thinning and protrusion requiring surgical options.
- Post-LASIK Ectasia: A rare condition resembling keratoconus, triggered after LASIK surgery.
Symptoms of Keratoconus
- Blurred or distorted vision, especially at night
- Increased sensitivity to light and glare
- Frequent changes in eyeglass prescription
- Difficulty seeing clearly with glasses
- Halos around lights
- Eye strain or headaches from visual distortion
Causes of Keratoconus
- Genetic predisposition in many cases
- Chronic eye rubbing (especially in allergy-prone individuals)
- Underlying connective tissue disorders
- Environmental factors like UV exposure
- Hormonal changes during puberty
Complications in Keratoconus
- Severe visual impairment if untreated
- Scarring of the cornea in advanced stages
- Inability to tolerate contact lenses
- Hydrops (sudden corneal swelling due to fluid buildup)
- Emotional distress due to visual challenges
Risk Factors of Keratoconus
- Family history of keratoconus
- Chronic allergies and habitual eye rubbing
- Certain genetic conditions (e.g., Down syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)
- Asthma and eczema
- Rapid puberty and hormonal shifts
Preventions of Keratoconus
- Avoid excessive eye rubbing
- Protect eyes from UV rays with sunglasses
- Manage eye allergies properly
- Regular eye exams if you have a family history
- Genetic counseling in high-risk families
Diagnosis of Keratoconus
- Corneal Topography: Maps the shape and curvature of the cornea
- Pachymetry: Measures corneal thickness
- Slit-lamp Examination: Detects early signs and corneal irregularities
- Keratometry: Assesses the curvature of the cornea
- OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography): Detailed cross-section of the cornea
Treatments of Keratoconus
- Eyeglasses or Soft Lenses: Useful in early stages
- Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) Lenses: Improve vision in moderate cases
- Scleral Lenses: Sit on the white part of the eye, suitable for severe cases
- Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (CXL): Halts progression by strengthening corneal tissue
- Intacs: Small rings inserted into the cornea to flatten it
- Corneal Transplant: Last resort in very advanced cases
- Topography-Guided PRK (with CXL): Vision correction in selected patients
Prognosis of Keratoconus
- Early detection and treatment often lead to good outcomes
- Cross-linking can stop the disease from worsening
- Vision stabilisation is common with appropriate care
- Severe cases may need corneal transplant, but success rates are high
- Life-long follow-up is recommended
Care at MyhealthMydoctor
- Access to top ophthalmologists experienced in keratoconus
- Advanced diagnostics and treatment planning
- Availability of corneal cross-linking and other latest procedures
- Affordable keratoconus treatment cost in India
- Assistance in choosing the best surgical or non-surgical approach
- Personalised care for both local and international patients
Some Important Questions Patients Should Ask Their Doctor During a Consultation
- Is my keratoconus stable or progressing?
- Which treatment option is best for my condition?
- Can I wear contact lenses with this condition?
- Will I need surgery in the future?
- Are both my eyes affected equally?
- How often should I get my eyes checked?
- What lifestyle changes should I make to protect my eyes?
What Patients Expect from Doctors During Consultation?
- Clear explanation of your diagnosis and stage
- Guidance on treatment options and outcomes
- Honest discussion about surgery or alternatives
- Support in choosing between contact lenses and cross-linking
- Advice on lifestyle changes and eye care habits
- Regular monitoring schedule to track progression