Treatment

Spinal Fusion Surgery

Overview

Spinal Fusion Surgery is a medical procedure used to permanently join two or more bones (vertebrae) in your spine. The goal is to eliminate painful motion, stabilize the spine or correct deformities like scoliosis. During the surgery, bone grafts and metal hardware (like screws or rods) are used to help the bones grow together as one solid piece. It’s commonly done for conditions like herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or after a discectomy.

Why Spinal Fusion Surgery Treatment is Required?

• To relieve chronic back or neck pain caused by conditions like herniated discs or degenerative disc disease.
• When non-surgical treatments like physical therapy or medications fail to improve mobility or pain.
• To treat spinal instability after injury, tumor removal or infection.
• To correct spinal deformities such as scoliosis or kyphosis.
• To address nerve compression from conditions like spinal stenosis or slipped discs.
• After a discectomy or laminectomy, to prevent further disc-related issues.
• To stabilise the spine in cases of vertebral fractures or arthritis.

Key Advantages of Spinal Fusion Surgery Treatment

• Provides long-term pain relief in chronic spine conditions.
• Improves spinal stability and strength.
• Helps correct spinal deformities such as scoliosis.
• Reduces symptoms like leg pain, buttock pain, and nerve irritation.
• Allows patients to regain mobility and quality of life.
• Prevents the spine from moving abnormally.
• Reduces the need for repeat surgeries in the future.

How Should You Prepare Yourself Before Spinal Fusion Surgery Treatment

• Follow your doctor’s advice regarding stopping blood-thinning medications.
• Avoid smoking, as it can delay bone healing after fusion.
• Maintain a healthy diet and body weight to reduce surgical risks.
• Inform your doctor of any existing health issues or allergies.
• Get all recommended pre-surgery tests, such as X-rays, MRI or blood work.
• Arrange for someone to assist you at home after the surgery.
• Practice deep breathing and relaxation exercises to prepare mentally.

How Spinal Fusion Surgery Treatment is Performed?

• The procedure is usually done under general anesthesia.
• A small incision is made in the back, neck, or abdomen, depending on the fusion location.
• The surgeon may perform a laminectomy or discectomy to remove damaged tissue or bone.
• A bone graft (from your own body or a donor) is placed between the vertebrae.
• Metal plates, rods, or screws are used to secure the spine.
• The area is closed with stitches and healing begins as the bones fuse together.

What You Can Expect Before, During and After Procedure?

• Before Procedure:
• You will be asked to fast for a few hours.
• Vital signs and allergy history are checked.
• You may receive antibiotics to prevent infection.
• During Procedure:
• The surgery typically takes 2–6 hours, depending on complexity.
• You will be monitored constantly by the surgical and anesthesia team.
• After Procedure:
• You will spend some time in recovery and may stay in the hospital for a few days.
• Pain medication will be provided to manage discomfort.
• You will start with light movement, walking with assistance.
• Physical therapy may begin within a few days.

Risk and Potential Complications

• Infection at the incision site or inside the spine
• Bleeding or blood clots
• Hardware-related issues like screw loosening or breakage
• Incomplete fusion of bones (non-union)
• Nerve damage causing numbness or weakness
• Persistent pain or new discomfort
• Limited mobility in the fused area
• Leg and buttock pain post-surgery in some cases

Results/Outcomes

• Most patients report significant relief from pain and better movement.
• Fusion usually takes a few months to a year, depending on your health and bone strength.
• With proper care, outcomes are often long-lasting and life-improving.
• Helps stabilise the spine permanently and may reduce the need for future surgeries.
• Recovery time may vary, but most people return to light activities in 4–6 weeks and full function within 3–6 months.