Disease

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Overview of (DVT)

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a condition where a blood clot is also known as a thrombus which forms in a deep vein usually in the lower limbs although it can occur in other parts of the body. DVT can lead to serious complications if not treated immediately such as a pulmonary embolism (PE) which occurs when a clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs.

Types of (DVT)

1. Proximal DVT: A clot that forms in the deep veins of the thigh or pelvis. This is more dangerous as it has a higher risk of causing a pulmonary embolism.

2. Distal DVT: A clot that forms in the calf veins. While less likely to cause severe complications it still requires medical attention.

Symptoms of (DVT)

• Swelling and pain especially when standing or walking.
• Skin discoloration and warmth around the affected area.
• You may feel heaviness, cramping or tightness in the leg.
• Not always noticeable so stay aware of unusual leg symptoms.
• Causes of (DVT)
• Long periods of immobility for example long flights, bed rest after surgery.
• Injuries or vein damage from surgery or trauma.
• Health conditions like cancer, heart disease or hormonal changes for example pregnancy and birth control.
• Family history of clotting disorders or previous DVT.

Complications in (DVT)

• Pulmonary embolism: Clots can travel to the lungs, causing chest pain, shortness of breath or even death.
• Post thrombotic syndrome: Persistent leg pain, swelling and skin changes after a clot.
• Long term venous insufficiency: Damage to veins may result in chronic leg swelling and discomfort.

Risk Factors of (DVT)

• Age: The risk of DVT increases as you age particularly after 60 years.
• Immobility: Sitting or lying down for long periods such as during long flights, extended hospital stays, or after surgery, can slow blood flow and promote clotting.
• Obesity: Being overweight puts extra pressure on your veins, making it harder for blood to flow freely, increasing the risk of DVT.
• Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels and increases the likelihood of clot formation putting you at higher risk for DVT.
• Pregnancy: Pregnancy increases pressure on the veins in the pelvic area and alters blood clotting raising the chances of DVT.
• Hormonal changes: Using hormonal birth control or hormone replacement therapy can increase clotting risk especially for women over 35 who smoke.
• Family history: If close family members have had DVT you may be more likely to develop it yourself, as genetic factors can play a role.
• Previous DVT or PE: Once you have had DVT or a pulmonary embolism (PE), your risk of recurrence increases.
• Chronic medical conditions: Conditions like cancer, heart disease and inflammatory bowel disease can raise the risk of DVT.
• Long-term sitting or standing: People with jobs that require sitting for hours or standing for long periods are more susceptible to DVT.

Preventions of (DVT)

• Stay active: Move regularly to promote blood flow especially during long periods of sitting.
• Wear compression stockings: These help reduce swelling and improve circulation.
• Stay hydrated: Drinking water prevents your blood from thickening.
• Quit smoking: Smoking harms blood vessels and increases clot risk.
• Maintain a healthy weight: Reduces pressure on veins and improves circulation.
• Exercise regularly: Activities like walking or cycling boost blood flow.
• Elevate your legs: Helps improve circulation if you’re sitting for long periods.
• Follow doctor’s advice: Consider prescribed blood thinners if at high risk.