Disease
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Overview of Eczema
Eczema is also known as atopic dermatitis. It is a chronic skin condition that is characterised by dry, itchy and inflamed skin. It often appears in childhood and can persist into adulthood. The skin condition is associated with a hypersensitive immune system response which leads to various skin rashes and irritation.
Types of Eczema
- Atopic Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): The most common form of eczema primarily affecting children, causing dry, red and itchy skin.
- Contact Dermatitis: Skin inflammation caused by direct contact with irritants or allergens.
- Seborrheic Dermatitis: Typically affects the scalp, face and upper body.
- Dyshidrotic Eczema: Affects the hands and feet which causes itchy blisters.
- Nummular Eczema: Characterised by round coin shaped patches of skin irritation.
Symptoms of Eczema
- Dry, cracked skin.
- Redness and inflammation.
- Eczema rash can appear as patches of irritated skin.
- Itching that can become severe.
- Skin thickening due to constant scratching.
- Rash behind the knees and inside the elbows are common locations.
- Eczema on the back, face, and other parts of the body.
- Blisters or weeping skin in severe cases.
Causes of Eczema
The exact cause of eczema is not fully understood but it is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors:
- Genetic predisposition which is family history of eczema, asthma or hay fever.
- Immune system dysfunction leading to inflammation.
- Environmental irritants (soaps, detergents and allergens).
- Stress can exacerbate symptoms.
Complications in Eczema
If left untreated or if symptoms are poorly managed eczema can lead to:
- Skin infections due to scratching which can break the skin barrier.
- Sleep disturbances due to constant itching.
- Psychological effects such as anxiety and depression especially when eczema becomes visible.
Risk Factors of Eczema
Several factors can increase the risk of developing eczema:
- Family history of eczema, asthma or hay fever.
- Being exposed to environmental allergens or irritants.
- Having a weakened immune system.
- Early exposure to certain environmental conditions for example extreme weather.
Preventions of Eczema
While eczema cannot always be prevented the following measures can help reduce the risk or manage flare ups:
- Moisturising the skin regularly with fragrance free creams and ointments.
- Avoiding known irritants like harsh soaps or chemicals.
- Using mild laundry detergents and wearing soft fabrics like cotton.
- Managing stress and avoiding triggers such as temperature changes.
Diagnosis of Eczema
Eczema is typically diagnosed based on:
- A thorough medical history.
- Physical examination to identify characteristic skin rashes.
- Patch tests or skin tests to identify potential allergens.
- In some cases a skin biopsy may be conducted to rule out other skin conditions.
Treatments of Eczema
Treatment options for eczema vary based on the severity of the condition:
1. Topical treatments:
- Steroid creams for reducing inflammation.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory creams like tacrolimus.
- Moisturizers to keep skin hydrated.
2. Oral medications:
- Antihistamines to control itching.
- Oral steroids for severe flare ups.
- Immunosuppressants for chronic cases.
3. Light therapy (Phototherapy):
- Exposure to ultraviolet light can help reduce inflammation.
4. Lifestyle changes:
- Avoiding triggers for example certain foods or fabrics.
- Regular skin care routines to prevent dryness and itching.
Prognosis of Eczema
- Mild eczema may improve over time especially in children.
- For many the condition becomes manageable with proper care.
- In some cases eczema may persist into adulthood and require ongoing treatment.
- The outlook is generally good with the right management plan.
Care at MyhealthMydoctor
At MyhealthMydoctor we provide personalised care for eczema patients focusing on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Our team of experts offers:
- A tailored treatment plan with a combination of topical and oral treatments.
- Skin care advice to maintain moisture and reduce flare ups.
- Psychological support for patients dealing with the emotional impact of eczema.
Some Important Questions Patients Should Ask Their Doctor During a Consultation
- What triggers my eczema flare ups and how can I avoid them?
- What treatment options are available and which would be most suitable for my condition?
- How can I manage the itching and dryness associated with eczema?
- Are there any lifestyle changes I can make to reduce flare ups?
- Will eczema improve over time or is it a lifelong condition?
What Patients Expect from Doctors During Consultation?
Patients should expect their doctors to:
- Provide a clear diagnosis of their condition.
- Discuss the best treatment options based on the severity and triggers of their eczema.
- Offer personalised advice on managing symptoms and preventing flare ups.
- Address any emotional or psychological effects of eczema and provide referrals if needed.