Disease
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Overview of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is also known as Hodgkin’s disease, it is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s immune system. It occurs when abnormal lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, grow uncontrollably. The disease is characterised by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large, abnormal lymphocytes. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the Hodgkin’s lymphoma survival rate significantly.
Types of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
1. Classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (CHL)
The most common type, accounting for about 95% of cases.
Includes subtypes such as:
- Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Mixed Cellularity Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Lymphocyte-Rich Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Lymphocyte-Depleted Hodgkin Lymphoma
2. Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NLPHL)
A rare form that tends to grow more slowly.
Symptoms of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Your body always sends warning signs when something is not right. Hodgkin’s lymphoma symptoms often start with:
- Swollen lymph nodes: These feel like painless lumps in the neck, armpit or groin.
- Unexplained weight loss: Losing weight without trying is a red flag.
- Night sweats: Waking up drenched in sweat could mean something more serious.
- Persistent fatigue: If you are always exhausted despite resting, do not ignore it.
- Fever and chills: Recurring fevers that come and go may be a sign.
- Itchy skin: Ongoing itchiness could indicate lymphoma.
- Chest pain or breathing issues: If the lymphoma affects the chest area it can cause discomfort and difficulty breathing.
Causes of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Doctors do not know the exact cause of Hodgkin’s disease but some factors may increase your risk:
- Genetic changes: Mutations in the lymphocytes cause them to multiply abnormally.
- Viral infections: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to some cases.
- Weak immune system: If your immune system is already compromised (due to HIV/AIDS or organ transplants), the risk increases.
Complications in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma treatment can be highly effective but some challenges may arise:
- Weakened immune system: The disease and its treatments can make you more vulnerable to infections.
- Fertility problems: Certain cancer treatments may affect reproductive health.
- Increased risk of secondary cancers: Some patients may develop other cancers later in life due to treatment side effects.
- Heart and lung problems: Radiation therapy may impact these vital organs.
Risk Factors of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Anyone can get Hodgkin lymphoma but some factors make it more likely:
- Age: It mainly affects young adults (15-35 years old) and older adults (over 55).
- Gender: Men are slightly more likely to develop Hodgkin’s disease than women.
- Family history: If a close relative had it your risk increases.
- Weakened immune system: Conditions like HIV or past organ transplants raise the risk.
Preventions of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
There is no sure way to prevent Hodgkin’s lymphoma but you can reduce the risks:
- Maintain a strong immune system: A healthy lifestyle can support your immunity.
- Avoid Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections: This virus has been linked to Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Get regular checkups: If you have a family history of lymphoma, early screenings can help.
Diagnosis of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
If your doctor suspects Hodgkin’s lymphoma, they may run a series of tests:
- Physical exam: Checking for swollen lymph nodes.
- Blood tests: To look for abnormalities in white blood cells.
- Lymph node biopsy: A small sample is taken from a swollen lymph node to confirm the diagnosis.
- Imaging tests: CT scans, PET scans, or MRIs help determine if the disease has spread.
- Bone marrow biopsy: If needed a sample from the bone marrow is taken to check for cancer cells.
Treatments of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Treatment depends on how advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma cancer is, but the good news is it’s highly treatable. Options include:
- Chemotherapy: The most common treatment, using drugs to kill cancer cells.
- Radiation therapy: Targets cancer cells in a specific area.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to fight cancer.
- Stem cell transplant: Used in more advanced cases.
- Targeted therapy: A newer treatment that focuses on cancer cells without harming healthy ones.
Prognosis of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
The outlook for Hodgkin’s lymphoma is very positive:
- Most patients recover fully and lead healthy lives after treatment.
- The five year survival rate is around 85-90%, depending on the stage.
- If caught early, the survival rate can be even higher.
- Continuous advancements in treatment improve long term outcomes.
Care at MyhealthMydoctor
At MyhealthMydoctor, we believe in more than just treating diseases, we care about patients as individuals. Our services include:
- Expert oncologists specialising in Hodgkin lymphoma cancer treatment
- Personalised treatment plans tailored to your condition
- International patient support for medical visas and travel arrangements
- Affordable treatment options in world-class hospitals
- Ongoing care and rehabilitation to help you recover faster
Some Important Questions Patients Should Ask Their Doctor During a Consultation
- What stage is my Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and what does it mean?
- What treatment options are best for me?
- What side effects can I expect from treatment?
- How will treatment affect my daily life?
- What follow-up care will I need after treatment?
What Patients Expect from Doctors During Consultation?
- A thorough discussion about your Hodgkin’s lymphoma symptoms.
- Explanation of test results in clear and simple terms.
- A customised treatment plan.
- Supportive guidance on managing side effects.
- A compassionate approach to answering all your concerns.