Disease
Hypothyroidism
Overview of Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is also known as an underactive thyroid, it is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels and various bodily functions. Low thyroid levels can lead to fatigue, weight gain and other health complications. Early diagnosis and proper hypothyroidism treatment can help manage symptoms effectively.
Types of Hypothyroidism
- Primary Hypothyroidism: The most common type, caused by problems in the thyroid gland itself.
- Secondary Hypothyroidism: Occurs due to dysfunction in the pituitary gland which fails to stimulate the thyroid.
- Congenital Hypothyroidism: Present at birth due to improper thyroid development.
- Acquired Hypothyroidism: Develops later in life often due to iodine deficiency or autoimmune conditions.
- Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Mild form where thyroid hormone levels are slightly low but without clear symptoms.
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
- Fatigue and low energy
- Weight gain despite no changes in diet
- Cold intolerance (feeling cold even in warm environments)
- Dry skin and hair thinning
- Slow heart rate
- Depression and mood changes
- Constipation
- Puffy face and swelling
- Joint pain and muscle weakness
- Memory problems (brain fog)
- Hoarseness
- Heavy or irregular menstrual periods (in females)
Causes of Hypothyroidism
- Autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis): The most common cause where the immune system attacks the thyroid.
- Iodine deficiency: Essential for thyroid hormone production.
- Thyroid surgery or radiation therapy: Can damage the gland.
- Certain medications: Lithium, amiodarone and others may trigger hypothyroidism symptoms.
- Pituitary gland disorders: Affect the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
- Congenital conditions: Some babies are born with an underdeveloped thyroid.
Complications in Hypothyroidism
- Goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)
- Heart disease and high cholesterol
- Depression and mental health issues
- Infertility or complications during pregnancy
- Myxedema (severe hypothyroidism leading to coma in rare cases)
Risk Factors of Hypothyroidism
- Women especially those over 60 years old are at higher risk.
- A family history of thyroid disorders increases the likelihood.
- Autoimmune diseases like Type 1 diabetes or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis can trigger hypothyroidism.
- Iodine imbalance, whether too much or too little will affect thyroid function.
- Previous thyroid treatments, such as surgery, radiation or certain medications, can impact hormone production.
- Pregnancy and postpartum hormonal changes may lead to thyroid issues.
- Certain medications which include lithium and amiodarone, can interfere with thyroid function.
- Pituitary gland disorders can reduce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.
- Age-related changes make hypothyroidism more common in older adults.
- Chronic stress, poor diet and lack of sleep can negatively impact thyroid health.
Prevention of Hypothyroidism
- Balanced iodine intake including iodised salt and iodine-rich foods.
- Regular thyroid checkups, especially if there is a family history.
- Avoid excessive soy and cruciferous vegetables in large amounts if at risk.
- Monitor medication side effects that can affect thyroid function.
Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism
- TSH Blood Test: The most important test to check if the thyroid is underactive. High TSH levels usually indicate hypothyroidism.
- T3 and T4 Tests: Measure the levels of active thyroid hormones in the blood to assess thyroid function.
- Thyroid Antibodies Test: Helps detect autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis which is a common cause of hypothyroidism.
- Ultrasound of the Thyroid: Checks for structural changes like swelling, nodules or abnormalities in the thyroid gland.
- Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test: Measures how well the thyroid absorbs iodine which helps in cases where the cause is unclear.
Treatments of Hypothyroidism
- Thyroid hormone replacement therapy: Standard treatment using levothyroxine (synthetic T4).
- Medication dosage adjustments: Based on regular TSH blood tests.
- Lifestyle changes: Healthy diet, regular exercise and stress management.
- Regular monitoring: To ensure optimal hormone levels and prevent complications.
Prognosis of Hypothyroidism
- With proper medication, most people lead a normal and healthy life.
- Lifelong treatment is usually needed but it effectively controls symptoms.
- Regular monitoring helps adjust medication and prevent complications.
- Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to serious issues like heart problems and infertility.
- Early diagnosis improves long term health and reduces risks.
- Lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet and stress management, support better thyroid function.
Care at MyhealthMydoctor
At MyhealthMydoctor, we provide:
- Expert consultations with top endocrinologists.
- Comprehensive thyroid function tests for accurate diagnosis.
- Personalised hypothyroidism treatment plans.
- Ongoing patient support for medication management and lifestyle modifications.
Some Important Questions Patients Should Ask Their Doctor During a Consultation
- What causes hypothyroidism in my case?
- Do I need to take hypothyroidism medication for life?
- How often should I get my TSH blood test checked?
- Can hypothyroidism be cured permanently?
- Does hypothyroidism cause weight gain, and how can I manage it?
What Patients Expect from Doctors During Consultation?
- Clear explanation of what is hypothyroidism and its causes.
- Proper diagnosis and thyroid treatment options.
- Guidance on how to treat hypothyroidism naturally.
- Discussion about side effects of hypothyroid treatment.
- Personalised lifestyle and dietary recommendations.