Treatment

Anticoagulants

Overview

Anticoagulants, commonly known as blood thinners, are medications that help prevent blood clots. While they do not break down existing clots they slow down the clotting process reducing the risk of dangerous conditions like stroke deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism.

Why Anticoagulants are Required?

Common reasons include:

• Preventing stroke in people with atrial fibrillation.
• Treating and preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
• Reducing the risk of pulmonary embolism.
• Managing clotting disorders like lupus anticoagulant syndrome.
• Preventing complications after surgeries such as joint replacements.

Key Advantages of Anticoagulants

• Prevents life-threatening conditions like stroke and heart attack.
• Reduces clotting risk in high-risk individuals.
• Enhances blood flow and reduces the chances of vessel blockage.
• Treats existing clots to prevent further complications.
• Helps patients with heart valve conditions or irregular heartbeats.

How Should You Prepare Yourself Before Taking Anticoagulant Treatment?

• Inform your doctor about any existing health conditions or medications.
• Discuss the possible side effects of blood thinners, including bruising and bleeding risks.
• Follow dietary guidelines, as some foods can interfere with anticoagulant therapy.
• Undergo blood tests like mass spec with plasma anticoagulation to monitor clotting levels.
• Avoid alcohol and limit vitamin K-rich foods.

How is Anticoagulant Treatment Performed?

Anticoagulant treatment can be administered in different ways:

• Oral Blood Thinners: Common blood thinning medications like warfarin, rivaroxaban, and apixaban are taken as pills.
• Injectable Anticoagulants: The Heparin mechanism of action works by injecting the drug directly into the bloodstream for immediate effect.
• IV Infusion: For hospitalized patients, anticoagulants are sometimes given through intravenous (IV) drips for precise dosing.

What You Can Expect?

Before the Procedure:

• Your doctor will assess your medical history and risk factors.
• You may need blood tests to check how your blood clots.
• Dietary and lifestyle recommendations will be provided.

During the Procedure:

• If taking oral anticoagulants, follow a strict dosage schedule.
• If receiving injectable heparin, expect regular monitoring.
• Hospitalised patients may receive IV anticoagulation medicine.

After the Procedure:

• Regular checkups are needed to monitor blood clotting levels.
• You may need to avoid certain activities to prevent injuries.
• Watch for signs of excessive bleeding, such as bruising, nosebleeds, or blood in urine/stool.

Risks and Potential Complications

While blood thinners are life-saving, they come with some risks, including:

• Increased bleeding risk especially with injuries.
• Gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers.
• Blood thinner side effects like dizziness, weakness or headaches.
• Interactions with other medications affecting their effectiveness.
• Rare cases of severe allergic reactions.

Results/Outcomes

• Reduces stroke risk: Essential for patients with atrial fibrillation or heart conditions.
• Prevents blood clots: Lowers the chances of developing DVT and pulmonary embolism.
• Improves circulation: Enhances blood flow and prevents clot-related complications.
• Enhances post-surgery recovery: Aids in preventing complications after major surgeries like joint replacements.
• Reduces mortality rates: Proven to lower the risk of life-threatening cardiovascular events.
• Long-term protection: Ensures continued health benefits for patients requiring prolonged anticoagulation therapy.