Treatment

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Overview

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an advanced brain therapy used to treat movement disorders like Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. It involves implanting a deep brain stimulator, a small device that sends electrical signals to specific areas of the brain. These signals help control abnormal brain activity, reducing symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with movement.

Why Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is Required?

DBS is recommended for individuals who:

• Have Parkinson’s disease and experience severe tremors or stiffness that medications can no longer control.
• Suffer from dystonia or essential tremors affecting daily life activities.
• Need long-term relief from movement-related disorders without relying on high doses of medication.
• Have symptoms that significantly impact their quality of life and limit their mobility.

Key Advantages of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

• Effective for Parkinson’s Disease: Helps manage tremors, rigidity, and movement issues when medications are not enough.
• Adjustable & Reversible: Unlike some brain surgeries, DBS surgery settings can be modified, and the device can be turned off or removed if necessary.
• Reduces Medication Dependence: Many patients require fewer medications after undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery.
• Improves Quality of Life: Enables better control over body movements, allowing individuals to perform daily activities more easily.

How Should You Prepare Yourself Before Taking Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Treatment?

• Medical Evaluation: The doctor will assess symptoms, medication response, and overall health.
• Brain Imaging: MRI or CT scans are done to identify the exact brain areas for stimulation.
• Medication Adjustments: Some medications may need to be stopped or adjusted before surgery.
• Discuss Expectations: The doctor will explain the DBS parameters, risks, and outcomes to ensure you are well-informed.

How Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is Performed?

The procedure is done in two main steps:

1. Electrode Placement:

• Small electrodes are implanted in specific regions of the brain.
• A surgeon uses real-time brain mapping to ensure accurate placement.
• This is done under local anesthesia so the patient remains awake.

2. Implanting the Stimulator Device:

• A pulse generator (deep brain stimulator) is implanted under the skin near the chest.
• Wires connect the stimulator to the brain electrodes.
• The device sends mild electrical pulses to regulate brain activity.

What You Can Expect?

1. Before the Procedure:

• You will undergo several tests including brain scans and movement assessments.
• The doctor will provide guidelines on diet, medications, and hospital stay.

2. During the Procedure:

• The first phase involves implanting electrodes in the brain while you are awake.
• The second phase is done under general anesthesia where the stimulator device is placed in the chest.

3. After the Procedure:

• The DBS device is programmed a few weeks after surgery.
• Adjustments may be needed to optimize results.
• Regular follow-ups are required to ensure the device functions correctly.

Risk and Potential Complications

While DBS brain surgery is generally safe, there are some risks including:

• Infection at the implantation site.
• Bleeding or stroke (very rare but possible).
• Device malfunction requiring adjustments or replacement.
• Speech or mood changes, which can be managed with programming adjustments.

Results/Outcomes

• Most patients experience a significant improvement in movement control.
• Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease has shown long-term effectiveness in reducing symptoms.
• While DBS surgery does not cure Parkinson’s, it can greatly enhance daily life and independence.