Treatment

Tracheotomy

Overview

A tracheotomy (often called a tracheostomy or trach) is a medical procedure in which a small hole is made in the front of the neck into the windpipe (trachea). A tracheostomy tube is then placed to help a person breathe more easily. This treatment is often done when normal breathing through the nose or mouth becomes difficult or impossible. Depending on the medical need, a trach can be temporary or permanent. It’s a life-saving measure that ensures air can reach the lungs.

Why Tracheotomy/Tracheostomy is Required?

• When the upper airway is blocked due to swelling, trauma or a tumor.
• For patients who need long-term use of a ventilator or breathing machine.
• To clear mucus from the lungs in people with weak coughing ability.
• In severe cases of sleep apnea not responding to other treatments.
• When there is a throat injury or burns that make normal breathing difficult.
• After certain head and neck surgeries to maintain a safe airway.

Key Advantages of Tracheotomy Treatment

• Provides a direct and secure way for air to reach the lungs.
• Improves oxygen levels and breathing comfort for patients.
• Makes it easier to suction out mucus and keep airways clean.
• Reduces the need for long-term sedation in ventilated patients.
• Allows speech and swallowing with special attachments like a trach collar.
• Offers better care and comfort for patients needing long-term airway support.

How Should You Prepare Yourself Before Tracheostomy Treatment

• Discuss your condition in detail with the doctor to understand the reason and urgency.
• Share any history of bleeding problems, allergies, or breathing difficulties.
• Follow instructions to stop eating or drinking before the procedure.
• You may need blood tests or imaging (like chest X-ray) before surgery.
• Arrange support from family or caregivers, especially for recovery at home.
• Ask questions to feel mentally and emotionally prepared.

How Tracheotomy Treatment is Performed?

• The procedure is usually done in an operating room or sometimes at the bedside in emergencies.
• You will receive local or general anesthesia depending on your condition.
• A small incision is made in the front of the neck to access the trachea.
• A tracheostomy tube is inserted into the windpipe through this opening.
• The tube is secured in place and connected to a ventilator or breathing support, if needed.

What You Can Expect Before, During and After Procedure?

• Before the Procedure:
• You will be evaluated and monitored by your medical team.
• You may need tests like ECG, chest X-ray, or blood work.
• An IV line will be set up for fluids and medication.
• During the Procedure:
• The doctor will make a cut on your neck to place the trach tube.
• Breathing will be supported via the tube during and after surgery.
• You will not feel pain if you are under anesthesia.
• After the Procedure:
• You may feel discomfort or need time to adjust to breathing through the trach.
• Nurses will help keep the tube clean and show you how to care for it.
• Recovery and discharge will depend on the underlying health condition.

Risk and Potential Complications

• Infection at the site of the tracheostomy.
• Bleeding during or after the procedure.
• Blockage of the trach tube with mucus or blood.
• Accidental removal or misplacement of the tube.
• Damage to nearby structures like the vocal cords or esophagus.
• Scar formation or narrowing of the trachea over time.

Results/Outcomes

• Many patients breathe more comfortably after a trach.
• It can improve quality of life for those who need long-term respiratory support.
• Some patients can speak and eat again with attachments like trach collar.
• With proper care, complications are minimised, and the tube can be removed if not needed permanently.